To choose the right domestic battery for your needs, it's important to consider a number of key criteria. These criteria will help you determine which battery is best suited to your solar installation and your energy consumption pattern.
1. Compatibility of the domestic battery with your solar panel installation
The battery must be compatible with the characteristics of your solar system, in particular the system voltage (12V, 24V, 48V, etc.) and the charging capacity of the solar panels.
2. The battery's storage capacity (in kWh)
An obvious criteria to consider when choosing a battery is the amount of electrical energy it can store. This capacity should correspond to your daily consumption, especially during the hours when the solar panels are not producing.
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3. Depth of discharge (DoD)
The DoD indicates up to what percentage of its total capacity the battery can be used without being damaged. A high DoD means that you can use more of the battery's capacity. Be careful never to discharge a battery completely.
The maximum recommended depth of discharge is generally 70-80%, so allow for 20-30% more power than your initial capacity to cover your needs. Note, however, that some models, such as Huawei's Luna2000 battery, offer 100% depths of discharge thanks to a small hidden power reserve.
4. Battery power (in Wh)
The power of the battery indicates the amount of electricity it can deliver at a given time. A sufficiently high level of power is therefore necessary if you want to power several energy-hungry devices simultaneously.
The power you choose will also determine the number of days your system, once charged, will be able to deliver the electricity you need to cover your requirements.
For example, if you want to be autonomous for 2 days and you consume 1000 Wh per day, you will need a battery capable of delivering 2000 Wh.
5. Lifespan and number of charge and discharge cycles
The durability of the battery is a crucial factor. Check how many charge-discharge cycles the battery can withstand before its capacity starts to diminish significantly. Lithium batteries last longer.
6. Type of battery
The most common types are lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries. Lithium-ion storage batteries are generally lighter, have a higher DoD and a longer lifespan.
7. Tension
The storage voltage can be low or high. Depending on our consumption habits, it is often better to opt for a storage system with a high voltage in order to limit energy losses.